Parliament serves as the primary institutional anchor for NDP IV, exercising its constitutional mandate through three core pillars: enacting the necessary legal frameworks, exercising rigorous oversight over the Executive, and ensuring the strategic allocation of public resources. Under the Parliamentary Strategic Plan (FY2025/26–2029/30), the legislature has committed to Legislating for improved and sustainable Quality of Life, moving away from traditional processes toward a results-based approach that aligns the national budget with the ATMS growth anchors (Agro-industrialization, Tourism, Minerals, and Science/Technology). By scrutinizing the National Budget Framework Paper (NBFP) and approving the Shs 593.6 trillion five-year plan, Parliament ensures that every shilling appropriated is tied to the qualitative leap required to double the size of the economy every five years.

To realize the 10-fold growth ambition, Parliament is monitoring a set of rigorous benchmarks. A primary target is supporting the transition toward a double-digit GDP growth rate of 10.1% by FY2029/30, up from the current 6.3% (2025). Parliament's oversight role is critical in reaching the target of increasing per capita income to US$2,942 from the current US$1,263 (FY2024/25) and boosting the tax-to-GDP ratio from 13% (FY2024/25) toward a 25% target through the Domestic Revenue Mobilization Strategy (2025-2030). Furthermore, legislative committees are focused on reducing the proportion of households in the subsistence economy from 33% to 21% and ensuring that the Shs 2.4 trillion earmarked for wealth creation in the FY2025/26 budget translates into measurable household productivity.

Through legislative reform and oversight, Parliament strengthens fiscal discipline, investment confidence and service delivery performance, supporting national economic objectives such as exports rising toward 50% of GDP, FDI inflows of up to US$50 billion by 2040, reduction of subsistence households to 21% and sustained poverty reduction. Strong parliamentary scrutiny of spending, procurement and results is essential to keeping Uganda on track toward a US$500 billion economy by 2040.

Parliament's success in delivering NDP IV will rely on moving beyond simple appropriation to outcome-based oversight, ensuring that the Executive remains accountable to the ambitious 10-fold growth trajectory while maintaining fiscal discipline and fighting corruption.